Industrial Revolution

What was the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution is a historical period between the second half of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, in which England first, and the rest of continental Europe then suffer the largest set of socio-economic, technological and cultural history of mankind, since the Neolithic.
The economy based on manual labor was replaced by one dominated by industry and manufacturing. The Revolution began with the mechanization of the textile industries and the development of the processes of iron. Trade expansion was aided by improved transportation routes and later by the birth of the railway. The most important technological innovations were the steam engine and so-called Spinning Jenny, a powerful machine related to the textile industry. These new equipment led to huge increases in production capacity. The production and development of new models of machinery in the first two decades of the nineteenth century facilitated manufacturing in other industries and increased their production.

So in the industrial revolution increases the amount of products and decrease the time in which these are carried out, giving way to mass production and simplifying complex tasks into several simple operations that can make any worker without it is skilled labor, and thus lower production costs and increase the number of units produced under the same fixed cost.

Causes :

The existence of strong border controls prevented the spread of disease and reduced the spread of epidemics such as occurred in earlier times. British Agricultural Revolution also made more efficient food production with less input of labor, encouraging people who could not find farm work to find industry-related jobs, and thus causing a migratory movement from rural to cities as well as a new development in the factories.

The seventeenth-century colonial expansion accompanied by the development of international trade, creation of financial markets and capital accumulation are considered influential factors, as was the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century.

You could say that was produced in England by their economic development.The presence of a larger domestic market should also be considered a catalyst of the Industrial Revolution, particularly explaining why it happened in the UK.

The invention of the steam engine was one of the most important innovations of the Industrial Revolution. It made possible improvements in metal work based on the use of coke instead of charcoal. In the eighteenth century the textile industry used the water power for the operation of some machines. These industries have become the model organization of human labor in factories.Besides the innovation of machinery, the assembly line did much on the efficiency of factories.

Agricultural revolution: progressive increase in production thanks to investment from the owners of new technologies and farming systems, in addition to improvements in fertilizer use.

The development of commercial capital: The machines were used to transport and communication by initiating a huge transformation. Now the relations between employers and employees is only labor and in order to obtain benefits.Socio-demographic changes: modernization of agriculture allowed population growth due to improved nutrition.

There were advances in medicine and hygiene, hence the population grew.

There was also a migration from the countryside to the city because the occupation in agriculture declined while demand for labor grew in the cities.The first revolution was characterized by a change in the working tools of the artisan type steam-driven coal energy. The machine requires highly skilled individuals, causes a reduction in the number of persons employed incessantly throwing masses of workers of a branch of production to another. Especially from the countryside to the city.

Social impact :

The Industrial Revolution caused fundamental changes in British society of the eighteenth century and then spread to other European countries.In Britain, the population grew extensively. He went from 9 million in 1780 to 21 million in 1850. While Europe's population passed 188 million to 266 million in 1850.